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Soil
Microbiology
Know your soil
microbiology. All the microorganisms listed below feed
on organic nutrition (sloughed root cells, exudates or
organic matter) in order to grow, multiply and provide
numerous plant health care benefits:
Plant-Growth-Promoting
(PGP) Rhizobacteria:
These bacteria produce a variety of chemicals that
stimulate plant growth. The bacteria grow and persist
in the rhizosphere of non-woody roots.
Free-Living or
Non-Symbiotic Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria:
Very specialized bacteria that fix atmosphere N and
increase plant growth due to increased nitrogen
nutrition. These bacteria are intimately associated
with the rhizosphere of roots.
Phosphate
Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB):
Certain soil and rhizosphere bacteria that produce
phosphatase enzymes that in turn solubilize phosphorus
(P) from insoluble mineral sources. PSB+mycorrhizae=Increased
plant growth and increased P available from mineral P.
Symbiotic
Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria:
Most legumes (beans, peas, clover) in natural small
soils form N-fixing nodules with Rhizobium
bacteria species. N-fixation by Rhizobium nodules
is greatly enhanced by vesicular-arbuscular
Mycorrhizae (VAM). Certain trees, ie. alder and Casuarina,
form VAM and N-fixing nodules with actinomycetes
organisms called actinorhizae.
Bacteria and Fungi
Antagonistic to Root Pathogens:
Many soil bacteria and fungi during normal growth
produce antibiotics or are hyperparasitic on harmful
fungi. As a result, they inhibit root pathogenic
organisms. VAM and ectomycorrhizae increase
populations of these beneficial microorganisms in the
rhizosphere which contributes to the control of root
diseases.
Mycorrhizosphere:
This is the zone around mycorrhizal roots, which is
altered by the physical and chemical presence of the
symbiotic mycorrhizal fungus. This zone supports a
population of associated (helper) microbes that
improve mycorrhizal development and their function.
The helper microbes are different from those microbes
found surrounding non-mycorrhizal roots.
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Soil
Microbiology
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2000 PHC Royalty Corp.
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